Spanish Armada Essay Example for Free

Spanish Armada Essay The Spanish Armada showcased the Spaniards boldness and determination to expand their territory and their religion of Catholicism. However, there are several underlying reasons on why Spain waged a war against England. The decision of King Philip II to launch a fleet of naval ships towards the North have been influenced by many consecutive incidents that demonstrated the looming conflict between Spain and England. During the 16th century, Spain and England used to be allies in advancing a common cause which was to expand their respective colonies. But it was their similar objectives that instigated the manifestation of a strained relationship between the two countries. More so, the relationship between England and Spain became more tensed when Philip II married Mary I, a sibling of Queen Elizabeth I, making him a â€Å"titular King of England. † This union highlighted the difference in religious beliefs of a Catholic and a Protestant that raised eyebrows in the English Monarchy who doubted the real intentions of Spain with England. In retaliation, England gave support to the Dutch uprising against Spain. Several black propaganda were launched that criticized King Philip II and the Catholics in general as wicked human beings. Then, the situation worsened when â€Å"Catholic Queen Mary of Scots†, the only remaining link of Spain with England in 1587, was executed for allegedly plotting against Queen Elizabeth I. Because of these events, the plan of King Philip II to conquer Europe was blocked in which motivated him to start a confrontation with England through an Armada (Mitchell, 2005). Unfortunately, Spain was defeated in this battle because of the unfavorable weather conditions and the fact that the English were more advanced with their warfare resources and strategy. As a result, Englands victory entitled the English with the position of being the strongest and most influential in Europe. Meanwhile, for Spain, their loss became a learning experience that motivated them to enhance more their naval capabilities as well as their military tactics. References Mitchell, C. V. (2005 August). The weathering of the armada. Inventory of Conflict Environment. Retrieved May 20, 2008 from http://www. american. edu/ted/ice/armada. htm

Discrimination in America Essay -- Racial Discrimination

According to research that has been conducted by The Indiana Civil Right Commission (2012) between October 2010 and October 2011, 58% of participants experienced some sort of discrimination. Discrimination can be defined as treating people differently, negatively or adversely without having a good reason. It is an act making distinction in favor of or against a person based on their group, class or category. There are four major types of discrimination which are gender discrimination, racial and ethnic discrimination, age discrimination and disability discrimination. The first type of discrimination is gender discrimination. Gender discrimination involves treating someone unfavourably because of the person’s particular gender. There are three categories of gender which are female, male and transgender. A bad practice of discriminating against female can be seen in most developing countries. In almost all parts of the world, men are more likely to have a paid job. Whereas, women are less likely to be out in the public than men, and when they are, have fewer resources to earn incomes Connell (2009). Female constructed to do another form of work namely unpaid domestic and care work. For instance, women do most of the cleaning, cooking and other household chores. On the other hand, male often face discrimination because of their gender appearance. Male looks stronger, tougher and masculine which make community thought that some work field is not suitable for their gender and may result unfair in employment opportunities. Such as, nursing schools often rejects male applicants because of their masculine appearance which not posses gentle attitudes like women do since nursing schools prefer patience and caring employees. Meanwhi... ...Short Introductions Series. Cambridge: Polity. Department of Fair Employment and Housing. (n.d) Employment discrimination and Harassment. Retrieved from http://www.dfeh.ca.gov/res/docs/Publications/DFEH-184.pdf Disability Discrimination Act. (1995). Guidance on Matters to be Taken into Account in Determining Question Relating to The Definition of Disability. Retrieved from http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/guidance_on_matters_to_be_taken_into_account_in_determining_questions_relating_to_the_definition_of_disability.pdf Indiana Civil Rights Commission. (9 March, 2012). In Indiana Governor. Retrieved from http://www.in.gov/icrc/files/Discrimination_Indiana_Results_Survey_Feb2012.pdf National Association of School Psychologists.(2010). In Position Statement. Retrieved from http://www.nasponline.org/about_nasp/positionpapers/RacismPrejudice.pdf

Blood Spatter in Crime Scene Investigation Essay

Checking all aspects of a crime scene is a crucial part of investigating a crime. The thorough sampling of all suspicious items in a crime scene, like footsteps, hair strands, and even the changes that took place in the pieces of furniture may help in leading the authorities to the doer of the crime. Oftentimes, even the way the blood splattered from the victim to the walls and floors of the crime scene can help pave the way to the solution of the crime. Blood may be like any other piece of evidence in a crime scene. It is what everyone else immediately sees. It does not talk, yet it can tell so much information. Through analysis of blood splatter, an investigator can tell how the person was killed and from what angle it was done. It can also tell whether the act done fast or as slowly as possible. Blood splatter can greatly help in crime investigation through the analysis of it. Human Blood Normally, the human blood comprises seven to eight percent of the body weight. It carries the essential functions of carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body cells. It also rids the body of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and other body wastes. The blood also serves an important role in the body’s immune system and in maintenance of the body temperature. It is a specialized tissue that has various components. It is a four to six quarts tissue with many components being pumped throughout the body. It circulates constantly in the body, making everything function normally. This is the reason why, when this circulation is disrupted by any action, it spatters (O ‘Neil, 2008). There are various ways that can greatly disrupt the circulation of the blood. Definitely, the most disturbing are violent confrontations like, bullet-shot trauma, blunt force trauma, or knife trauma. The effects of these acts on the blood may vary into two. It can either spill or the blood may spurt out of the body into scattered drops. These differences in the effects of action to blood can help tell the forensic experts of what truly happened in the crime and to the victim (Castillo, 2009). Blood Spatters and the Crime Scene The positions of the blood stains or the patterns of the blood can greatly help in the solving of crimes. As was mentioned, there are numerous ways in which blood may come out from the body once a violent act is done to disturb the circulation. Through these various effects on the blood spatters, forensic scientist are able to conclude what really took place in the scene. Blood spatter normally tell the experts five important and oftentimes incriminating pieces of information about the crime. The positions of the blood spatters tell first, the activity at the scene. Second is the number of blows the victim received from the suspect or suspects. Third is the position of the victim and the assailant within the crime scene. Fourth is whether the death of victim was immediate or delayed. The fifth and last things that blood spatters tell are the characteristics of the weapon utilized by the assailant in attacking the victim (Waldrip, 2008). There a number of ways to analyze a blood spatter pattern. Given a room where blood is all over the wall, a person may conclude that the traumatic attack have been done all over the room. However, carefully following the rules on blood spatter analysis, forensics will definitely disagree. One way of knowing this fact is through the string convergence analysis. The string analysis is a common means of analyzing blood spatters. It utilizes strings that are attached to the points where blood has dropped. For instance, on a wall filled with blood droplets, an end of a string is pasted while the other end is pasted on another wall with a droplet. This is done with each remaining blood droplet all over the crime scene. If looked at by ordinary people, the pattern that will be formed by this activity may mean nothing. It will only look like a web created from a ball of yarn of string. However, for forensic experts, doing this will immediately tell them what they need to know (Carter, 2009). The pattern that was formed from the strings may look like a cobweb in the eyes of ordinary people, but to forensic experts, it already told the position where the victim was attacked. If observed carefully, the strings which were connected always meet in one area. The intersection or convergence point of all strings is the exact position of the victim when the attack occurred. From this, any lie or alibi given in relation to the position of the body will immediately be dismissed. The blood spatters unlike men, can not lie. As such, it is commonly believed more by judges and jurors (Carter, 2009). After the position of the victim is found, another form of blood analysis is done. The distance of the blood from victim is then measured. The measurement that is acquired from the distance always corresponds to a certain spatter velocity. This velocity also corresponds to a certain type of attack done to the victim (Waldrip, 2008). Low velocity blood spatter is typically indicated by five feet per second and three millimeter diameter and is usually dripping. Medium velocity blood spatter is on the other hand, indicated by five to twenty-five feet per second with less than three millimeter diameter. This type of velocity is commonly caused by blunt force trauma or sharp pr knife trauma. The third type of velocity is the high velocity spatter, which is more than one hundred feet per second with a spatter of less than one millimeter. This is indicative of gunshot trauma, power tools, and objects striking with extreme velocity or an explosion (Waldrip, 2008). Through the analysis of these different velocities of blood spatter, forensic investigators easily learn what the weapon of attack was used (Waldrip, 2008). This helps in identifying the weapon even if the suspect has disguised it, hid it, or completely eliminated it. This may incriminate the suspect or point the true criminal during litigation. Another use of blood spatter is in telling the angle of the impact of attack. This will point the position of the attacker from the victim and from where his arms began the movement for the attack. The tail of blood spatter is the most important aspect in this analytic strategy (Waldrip, 2008). In this analysis the most important things to look at are the positions of the drops. Drops that are circular are always from vertical positions. This means that the attack and position of the victim is above. This drop is commonly on the floor. If the blood droplets are on the wall, its elongation should be checked. As the angle increases, the drops usually elongate. This points that there is an existing distance between the attacker and the victim. If the angle is decreased, this may point that the attack was done point blank or in shorter distance from the victim (Waldrip, 2008). Other than these strategies, there still remaining other ways in blood analysis. Sometimes, when the blood flowed freely on the floor of the crime scene, forensics can easily tell that there are objects removed from the crime scene, perhaps by the criminal or accomplices. When the blood flowed freely on the floor of the scene, the area where there is no blood indicates that there had been an object in that place during the time of attack. The shape that was left by the object may help in locating this object which may be used as evidence against the criminal (Waldrip, 2008). Given these strategies or ways in analyzing blood spatters, it may be said that blood spatters or patterns of blood spills is a crucial part of a crime scene investigation. The many ways in which the blood patterns in a crime scene may be analyzed helps in deciphering certain information that other pieces of evidence may not be able to tell. Even though blood spatters are hard to look at, looking closely at it may actually help in incriminating the suspect of a crime. Criminals should keep in mind that even though the victims died the blood they leave behind will point out what really took place, where it was done, how exactly it was done and more importantly, who had done it. References Carter, F. (2009). â€Å"Blood Spatter Analysis†. Iprimus. com. Retrieved May 3, 2009 from http://home. iprimus. com. au/ararapaj/craigslea_testbed/Forensic%20Web%20Test%20 Site/blood_spatter_analysis. htm Castillo, F. (2009). â€Å"Forensic Blood Spatter Analysis- Stains and Spatter from Blood†. Ezinearticles. com. Retrieved May 3, 2009 from http://ezinearticles. com/? Forensic-Blood-Spatter-Analysis—Stains-And-Spatter- From-Blood&id=934816 O ‘Neil, D. (2008). â€Å"Blood Components†. Palomar. edu. Retrieved May 3, 2009 From http://anthro. palomar. edu/blood/default. htm Waldrip, E. (2008). â€Å"Blood Spatter Analysis†. Basepairlibrary. com Retrieved May 3, 2009 From http://72. 14. 235. 132/search? q=cache:SqqvCngUOhAJ:basepair. library. umc. edu/FBL M/BASE%2520PAIR%2520LABS/CSI%2520UMMC/H%2520- %2520Blood%2520Spatter%2520Analysis. ppt+blood+splatter+analysis&cd=8&hl=tl &ct=clnk&gl=ph Abstract The blood spatters in a crime scene greatly help in identifying the truths in a crime. There are ways to analyze the blood spatters in a scene. The spatters can tell the acts that were done in the scene. It can also tell the area in the scene where the act was done. It can also tell the weapon that was used. Through this, the criminal who did the act may easily be incriminated and the judge and juror may easily give a decision.

Elie Wiesel A Holocaust Survivor - 723 Words

â€Å"I only know that without this testimony, my life as a writer--or my life, period-- would not become what it is: that of a witness who believes he has a moral obligation to try to prevent the enemy from enjoying one last victory by allowing his crimes to be erased from human memory† (Wiesel, Night viii). As a result of the horrors that Elie Wiesel experienced during the Holocaust, he devoted his life to become meaningful. Wiesel’s decent disposition changes through atrociously inhumane conduct toward Jews during the Holocaust as he becomes a brute to solidify identity, levy fears, and boost morale. Before his arrival in Auschwitz, Wiesel identified himself as a devout Jew training in his studies of Kabbalah. When he first arrived at the camp, he refuses to eat his first prison meal, but he later regrets this decision as he realizes that â€Å"[he] was terribly hungry and swallowed [his] ration on the spot† (Wiesel, Night 44). Wiesel had to eat whenever food is available because if not, he would no longer be the devout, young Jew he was prior to the camp. A dentist was assigned to take out gold crowns for Germany’s benefit, but Wiesel intentionally avoided losing his gold crown because â€Å"it could be useful to [him] one day, to buy something, some break or even time to live† (Wiesel, Night 52). As Wiesel started to lose his identity, he needed to hold on to anything he has, which is similar to the behavior of brutes because civilized humans do not take potentially dangerousShow MoreRelatedElie Wiesel as a Survivor of the Holocaust2000 Words   |  8 Pa gescamps during the Holocaust. This started when the Nazi party established a â€Å"Final Solution† that sought out to eradicate the inferior Jewish race from Germany and the world (â€Å"Holocaust†). A person cannot look at this event and see nothing except for the dark, evil side of human nature. However, if a person looks at the Holocaust from a survivor’s point of view, they can see the good side of human nature, especially if someone looks at it from Elie Wiesel’s perspective. Elie Wiesel and his family wereRead MoreElie Wiesel : The Survivor Of The Holocaust2445 Words   |  10 Pagesloss of a loved one. However, some experiences are more devastating than others. Each survivor has his/her way of coping with the trauma and maintaining sanity. Elie Wiesel, one the survivors of the Holocaust, gives us some insight into dealing with extremely difficult experiences. He spent a year imprisoned in the Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps, the same camps where he lost all his family members (Wiesel 15). After his liberation, he moved to France where he learned French and studiedRead More Elie Wiesel Holocaust Survivor Essay2497 Words   |  10 PagesElie Wiesel Holocaust Survivor As war broke out in Europe during 1939, no one could either imagine or believe the terror that Adolf Hitler would soon bring to the lives of Jewish people. Drawing from his paranoia and a drive for a world Nazi power, Hitler singled out the Jews as the cause for problems in Germany and began to carry out his plan for the destruction of a part of humanity. Hitler not only persecuted the Jews of Germany, but he also targeted the Jews in Poland and other parts ofRead MoreWiesel s Experience Of Injustice During The Holocaust984 Words   |  4 Pagescommonly know as the Holocaust. The Holocaust began in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany (Rosenberg). Among the few hundred survivors was Elie Wiesel. Wiesel was only fifteen years old when him and his family were deported to a concentration camp. His mother, father and younger sister were all killed within the camp, but Wiesel and his two older sisters were able to survive. After his traumatizing experience, Wiesel stood up f or others who were being oppressed. Elie Wiesel fought injusticesRead MoreThe Destruction Of The Holocaust1203 Words   |  5 Pagespreventing it. Elie Wiesel’s fulfilled his purpose of showing the heinous crimes of the Holocaust through the change of characterization of Elie before, during and after the events of Wiesel s 1940 memoir-Night. The Holocaust is remembered as a stain on history, where a massive genocide occurred. but we must also recognize the souls and personalities that were killed and burned. Wiesel trembling hands picked up these ashes, personifying their ebony remains into a young child-Elie. For every soulRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Night In Night By Elie Wiesel920 Words   |  4 Pages This proves true for the survivors of the holocaust, they now have the power to stop things like this from happening ever again. For Elie Wiesel, this is especially true, after he survived he went on to write the book â€Å"Night†, this book has really helped people to understand what truly happened and to gain respect for the survivors; he also went on to win a number of awards, including the nobel peace prize. In the book â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel, our main character, Elie, changes through the traumatizingRead MoreThe Psychological Association Of Night By Elie Wiesel1285 Words   |  6 Pages2008). With this definition in mind, it no surprise that the Holocaust is one of the most traumatic events in history. Millions upon millions of people either lost their own lives, or watched the lives of their loved ones be taken right in front of their eyes. Many survivors so lemnly admit that the hardest deaths to watch were those of children. In fact, an estimated 1.5 million children were killed during the tragedy (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2016). However, one cannot help but wonderRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel Analysis764 Words   |  4 Pages with my own eyes†¦ children thrown into the flames.† (Wiesel 32). The previous sentence is a quote from Elie Wiesel’s memoir, Night. Wiesel’s memoir is a first person account of a survivor of the Holocaust that occurred between 1933-1945. Over six million Jews were placed in concentration camps and murdered during this time period. Less than one percent of the Jews in the holocaust survived, but Elie Wiesel was one of the very few survivors. He lived on to tell his story of the pain and sufferingRead MoreElie Wiesel s The Holocaust1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe Holocaust appeared to be a time of darkness and it seemed like on Earth and in heaven, each doorway of humani ty, empathy, and kindness had been closed down. Those who did not encounter the Holocaust cannot begin to comprehend what it was like, however, those who did cannot begin to express it. Torture, genocide, and cruel acts started to fill brains and souls. The Holocaust was an event where millions of people were being murdered during World War II. The memoir, Night by Elie Wiesel is basedRead MoreEssay on Literary Insperation of the Holocaust1664 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Insperation of the Holocaust Why do the survivors of such a tragic event such as the Holocaust want to remember those horrifying times by writing about memories that most people would only want to forget? I will show, Weisel has talked about, and as others have written, that the victims of the holocaust wrote about their experiences not only to preserve the history of the event, but so that those who were not involved and those who did survive can understand what really happened.

Modern Day Hero Essay - 1024 Words

In today’s society, it is hard to know someone who another person can look up to as a hero. It takes a special quality and person for others to know they can look up to and follow without worrying about being lead astray. The modern day hero I have chosen is someone who not only is willing to lay his life down for another, but also is willing to fight for everyone’s freedom. James A. Miller Jr. is that modern day hero; he is a Staff Sergeant in the United States Marine Corp. For the last year, he has been overseas fighting for not only the lives of all Americans, but he is also trying to free the Iraqi Government and people. Growing up, I always thought of him as just my baby brother. After he joined the Marines in 1993, I have seen†¦show more content†¦Some of the areas he has been are Kosovo, Djibotia, Africa and Iraq. During one of his tours of combat, his unit was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Presidential Unit Citation (PUC). The PUC is awarded to units of the Armed Forces of the United States for extraordinary acts of heroism in action against an armed enemy occurring on or after 7th of December 1941. The unit must display such gallantry, determination and esprit de corps in accomplishing its mission under extreme difficult and hazardous contributions as to set it apart and above other units participating in the same campaign. The degree of heroism required is the same as that which would warrant award of a Distinguished Service Cross to an individual. This past year, having been overseas helping fight for the freedom of many lives, James has worked with many men and women that could be classified as heroes; those who went above and beyond the call of duty to save the lives of others. He recommended several men in his unit for special citations due to those acts of honor. While in battle, James has encountered not only enemy fire, but also witnessed the loss of one of his men because of the enemy fire. Although he has witnessed not only death, destruction and even caused it, he is still the sweetest man around. Comparing him to a mythological hero of war was hard; there have been many heroes in the past that has laid their lives down for their country. The classical hero IShow MoreRelatedModern Day Hero1077 Words   |  5 Pagess society, it is hard to know someone who another person can look up to as a hero. It takes a special quality and person for others to know they can look up to and follow without worrying about being lead astray. The modern day hero I have chosen is someone who not only is willing to lay his life down for another, but also is willing to fight for everyone s freedom. James A. Miller Jr. is that modern day hero; he is a Staff Sergeant in the United States Marine Corp. For the last year,Read MoreMy Modern Day Hero729 Words   |  3 PagesA modern day hero is someone who shows strength, courage and is willing to fight, my grandma is my modern day hero because she shows these traits and more. My grandma had a liver and kidney transplant last year, and she showed those heroic traits. She had strength both physically and mentally, she never complained and always kept fighting throughout her illness. My grandma had courage during this time because she overcame her obstacle without fear. She also showed the heroic trait willing to fightRead MoreA Modern Day Hero s Journey1438 Words   |  6 PagesA Modern Day Hero Heroes are heroes for many different reasons, but they all share one important thing in common. They must go through the hero’s journey. Odysseus faced many trials, monsters, and temptations in the epic poem The Odyssey. The steps he took were all part of the hero’s journey and made him the great hero that Homer had written him to be. Today, we have a great modern hero. A large community of people look up to her for guidance through their own personal journeys in life. LaverneRead MoreBeowulf Comparison to Modern Day Hero2195 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferences, but at the end of the day we all have one thing in common, heroes. They help define who we are and what we want to be. They give us hope and inspire us to head in the right direction. They show us that good will always triumph over evil and that anything is possible if you set your mind to it. Heroes give us the inspiration we need to overcome problems in our own lives and that is why we create them. Beowulf perfectly embodies the idea of a hero. He defeats the evil Grendel andRead MoreThe Four Characters Of Beowulf And Modern Day Heros738 Words   |  3 Pagesheroesheros. Some heroes Heros take the direct approach and overcome obstacles with raw power and strength, both physical and moral. Others use their intelligence along with trickery and ruthlessness. It is hard for a hero to take a more direct approach than Beowulf. For example, he rips Grendel’s arm right out of its socket! He also shows moral strength by being champion of the values of his society. There are also some other things that can differentiate two types heros. The first the type thatRead MoreEssay about Beowulf and Modern Day Hero670 Words   |  3 PagesBeowulf and the modern day hero. All soldiers that are fighting for my country certainly comes to mind first, when I think about a modern day hero. Both hero’s are fighting for a good cause, get rewarded for what they do, and get treated with much re spect. Although a soldier might not withhold unworldly strength as one such as Beowulf, they both are putting their life at stake, which gives them both the title as being a hero. Both the U.S soldier and Beowulf portray characteristics of a hero. CourageRead More Pearl S. Buck - A Modern Day Hero Essay2921 Words   |  12 Pages Pearl S. Buck - A Modern Day Hero Introduction A friend of mine gave me a copy of The Good Earth as a birthday gift. Until then, I had never heard of the literary masterpiece or the author, Pearl S. Buck. The story captivated me. I found myself engrossed in the story of the poor farmer Wang Lung whose love for his land allowed him to overcome many odds including famine, flood and a revolution. Through hard work and dedication, Wang Lung became one of the wealthiest landowners in the Anweih provinceRead MoreEssay about Tiger Woods: A Modern Day Tragic Hero1044 Words   |  5 PagesThesis: Professional golfer Tiger Woods is a modern-day tragic hero because his flaw of excessive pride directly led to the destruction of both his personal relationships and his professional career. Tiger took complete responsibility for his actions, but it came too late and by then he ended up suffering consequences that were excessive compared to his errors. One reason why Tiger Woods could be characterized as a modern day tragic hero is because he demonstrates the tragic flaw of excessive prideRead MoreModern Hero vs. Anglo Saxon Hero Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesTodays modern day hero has similarities and differences than the Anglo-Saxon hero. The two heroes each have different values they believe in. Also, they are motivated to fight for different reasons. An Anglo-Saxon hero also fights differently than a modern day hero. An example of this comparison is Bono from the band U2 and Beowulf. Both modern day heroes, like Bono and Anglo-Saxon heroes, like Beowulf, try to improve their societies, but do it in different ways and for different reasons. Anglo-SaxonRead MoreHeroism : Beowulf And Cuchallain928 Words   |  4 PagesMany people disagree on who might qualify to be a hero. While a few people could qualify to be called a hero, many people have done some heroic things at some point in their life; Beowulf and Cuchallain demonstrated heroism through their actions. A hero in the medieval times is considered to be someone that is a noble character that fights for his honor or the honor of his kingdom or community and also someone that is willing to risk his or her life for the greater good. Beowulf was a brave man that

A Theological Perspective of the Clash of Civilizations...

Introduction On more than one occasion, President George W. Bush has described the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, as fostering â€Å"a monumental battle of good versus evil.† In this battle, there has been no doubt in his mind (or in ours) regarding who is on the side of good and who is on the side of evil. Though some have winced at the President’s use of such absolute moral terms to portray the tragic events of that fateful day, others have applauded his courageous use of such unfashionable discourse as entirely appropriate, even suggesting that it implies the demise of the cultural scourge of postmodern moral relativism. Another important way, not entirely unrelated, of interpreting what transpired on 9/11 is to explain†¦show more content†¦According to the editors of Foreign Affairs, Huntington’s article generated more response over a three year period than any other article they had published since the 1940s. Given the interest in, as well as the controversy over and misrepresentation of his article, Huntington decided that the prudent thing to do would be to expand it into a book-length treatment in which he would explore more deeply and document more thoroughly the thesis he propounded in his article. So the outcome was a 1996 book titled The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order.4 In this work conceived as â€Å"an interpretation of the evolution of global politics after the Cold War,† Huntington aspires, as he says, â€Å"to present a framework, a paradigm, for viewing global politics that will be meaningful to scholars and useful to policymakers.â⠂¬ 5 Its central theme is virtually identical to that of his article, namely â€Å"that culture and cultural identities, which at Huntington is the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor at Harvard University where he is also the director of the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies and the chairman of the Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies. He was the director of security planning for the National Security Council in the Carter administration, the founder and co-editor of the journal Foreign Policy, and the president of the American Political Science Association. 3 SamuelShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding of Identity in Samuel P. Huntingtons Clash of Civilization1148 Words   |  5 Pagesimagined a future world witnesses a clash of civilizations.According to his categorizationfrom a cultural perspective however; the world shall be divided into eight civilizations. This essay shall shed a light into the different understandings of theidentity and culture as in relation to Islam and the West having reference to different arguments and visions presented in the following scholarly sources. Samuel P. Huntington in his book â€Å" The Clash of Civilizations†has predicted that the source of conflictRead MoreSocial Change Is Inevitable? Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesstructure,vested interests,high respect for traditional ways of life,poverty.Political barriers: Political factors like single party states.Economic barriers:countries with lower income per capita . Psychological barriers: pessimistic or fearful perspective for any change.Isolation: Isolation of groups or states from the rest of society or world. Theories of Social Change: Cyclic Theory All human societies has gone through certain cycles.Spengler and some other sociologists hold that society has aRead MoreSociology1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of sociology had been recognized by independent philosophers since the dawn of organized civilization. Philosophers such as Confucius and Xenophanes in their works had hinted at the clash of cultures and social hierarchy. Later, in the 14th century, Arab scholars such as Al Jahiz and Ibn Khalduns compliled books on the history of society itself. These works are known to be forerunners of sociology. In fact, books written by Ibn Khaldun on social cohesion and conflict were translatedRead MoreHow Does the Presence of a Confucian Culture Affect the Operation of Democracy?1083 Words   |  5 PagesConfucian culture and how it may affect the operation of democracy in East Asia. Confucianism is tradition of political and social thought named after the scholar Kongzi (Confucius 551-479 B.C), it is still widely practiced/ seen in social, legal, theological, ethical and political thought. Kongzi was born into low aristocracy and held an administrative government post. He was a social and political critic throughout his life as a public administrator and teacher to future political advisors. His teachingsRead MoreEthnic Group Conflict: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict1445 Words   |  6 Pagesthose in the majority, maintain a sense of accord, and to avoid negative consequences. It is also a way for people to preserve positive relationships by living up to others expectations (Shiraev Levy, 2010). Rational actor theories are another perspective of why people conform. This approach suggests that conformity is a rational choice made by individuals after they have examined all possible alternatives and their benefits and consequences (Shiraev Levy, 2010). In the Israeli-Palestinian conflictRead MoreAnalysis Of The Wasteland By T. S. Eliot2210 Words   |  9 Pagesdegrading condition of modern society through a return to previous civilizations and cultures bringing into light their ideals, beliefs and experiences as a model for the restoration and reformation of the lost and fading away European identity and culture. 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Investment Taxation and Portfolio Performance

Question: Discuss about the Investment Taxation and Portfolio Performance. Answer: Introduction: As per the case study, it can be said that Fred is a inhabitant of Australia. It has been found that Fred does not control any trading business venture; rather the holiday home that was sold in the recent year was his property. It has also been implicated that Fred did not develop any revenue from the particular property previously. Calculations of Net Capital Gain or Loss The calculation of the net capital gain or loss for the individual name Fred has been calculated in the following table for the present fiscal period under both Discounted Methodology and Indexation Methodology (Wiseman 2016). Name of Taxpayer : Fred Type : Individual Calculation of Net Capital Gain/Loss for the period ending on 30th June,2016 Discounted Method Indexation Method Particulars Amount Amount Amount Amount $ $ $ $ a) Sale of Holiday Home : Consideration of sales 800000 800000 Less : Cost Base of the Asset 100000 148043 Legal Fees on Total sales (Exclusive of GST) 1000 1000 Commission regarding Real Estate Agent 9000 9000 Purchase Stamp Duty 2000 2961 Legal Fees for Purchasing 1000 1480 Construction Cost fo developing Garage 20000 133000 23853 186338 Capital Gain on Sale 667000 613662.3 Less : 50% exclusion on Capital Gain 333500 Capital Gain that is taxable (A) 333500 613662 Less : Capital Loss of Prior Year 10000 10000 Total Capital Gain that is taxable 323500 603662 Significant Observations It has been found from the case study that Fred occupied the property after September 20 in the year 1985, thus, it is counted as CGT assets and falls under taxable capital gain or loss calculation (Kaldor 2014). The particular property was attained prior to the period September 21st in the year 1999 (Davidson and Evans 2015). Thus, the various costs along with cost base that occurred during the time period in order to buy the property can be estimated under the methodology of indexation. Fred also constructed garage on the particular asset and thus it is counted as an extensive development. Thus, the cost for constructing the garage should also be occupied within the removable costs (Bryan 2012). The garage was constructed ahead of September 21st in the year 1999 and this can be assessed under the procedure of indexation. Opined to the regulations of Australian taxation, Fred can pertain any of the two procedures i.e. the methodology of indexation and the discounted procedure for the calculation of capital loss or gain (Sikes 2014). The reason behind this is that the particular property was attained prior to September 21st in the year 1999. The costs that took place for selling the assets should be exempted from the total sales deliberation in order to identify the net capital loss or gain. As per the discounted methodology, the tax provider gets an exemption of 50% on the total capital gain only if the property was purchased by the tax provider himself or herself only, for over 12 months (Yinger, Bloom and Boersch-Supan 2016). Here Fred attained the particular holiday home for long 19 years, thus, Fred can claim an exemption of 50% under the process of discounted methodology. The stocks are considered as other properties (for instance, real estate property). Thus, the total capital loss on sale of stocks in earlier period is adjustable in the present year with the total capital gain by selling the house property. It can be said from the above calculation that Freds total capital gain for the recent year would be $323500 as per discounted methodology and it would be $603662 as per the indexation methodology. Fred has to pay relatively lesser amount of tax on capital gain under discounted methodology, thus, he should consider this particular process for calculating the net capital gain. Net Capital Gain Consequences As per the regulations of Australian Taxation, total capital loss by selling any collectables is eligible for adjustment with the amount of capital gain from the collectables (Woellner et al. 2016). As per the case study, the antique vase is the collectable. Therefore, if the total capital loss of prior year might arise by selling the particular vase, then the amount is in adjustable to the total capital gain by selling the house property (Hines 2015). In this particular situation, the total capital gain of Fred is $333500. Fringe Tax Benefit Calculation As per the case study, the organization Periwinkle Pty. Ltd is considered as a company of Australia. Thus, this firm will not be permitted for tax benefits, given to smaller businesses. The specified firm has given various benefits to its staff named Emma, who is also supposed to be a resident of Australia. Therefore, the firm is permitted to provide benefits of Fringe tax. The consequences of FBT for such different benefits are as follows: Car Fringe Benefit Emma utilizes the car for both private and official purpose, thus, the car benefit should be involved as benefit of car fringe (Ato.gov.au 2016). Additionally, at the period of visiting foreign, Emma had parked her car at the airport instead of parking it in the location of the company. For annual maintenance, the particular car was kept in garage and not for unprepared repairing. Thus, the total numbers of days for which the car was kept unused should be involved for the calculation of FBT (Yagan 2015). The fringe benefit of the car for the firm has been calculated for Emma as per the statutory method. Calculation Of Car Fringe Benefit:- Particulars Details Total Kms. Travelled during the FBT year A 10000 No. of Days in the FBT year B 366 No. of Days of Travel C 336 Annualized Kilometers (A x B/C) 10892.857 Statutory Rate as per Annualized Km. E 20.00% Cost Base F $33,000 No. of Days obtainable for Private Use C 336 No. of days in FBT Year B 366 Total Taxable Value (FxExC)/B $6,059.02 FBT for Interest on Loan The interest that is provided on loan to the staff by the employer should be counted as the benefit for fringe tax (Dowd, McClelland and Muthitacharoen 2012). The loan interest is 4.45% that is lower than 5.95%, the benchmark interest of loan. Thus, FBT should be measured based on actual rate of interest (Ato.gov.au. 2016). The FBT for loan interest that is given to the staffs has been calculated as follows: Calculation of Interest on Loan for FBT:- Particulars Details Loan for Staff A $500,000 Benchmark Interest Rate B 5.95% Actual Rate of Interest C 4.45% Taxable Value Interest on Loan D = (AXC) $22,250 FBT for Rate of Special Discount The company is eligible for claiming for FBT for rate of special discount that is given to its staffs on its own goods. On the basis of 75% of the selling price (normal), the FBT should be measured (Bergstresser and Pontiff 2013). The calculations are as follows: Calculation of Special Discount for FBT:- Particulars Amount Market Price of Bathtub A 2600 Special Price for Staff B 1300 Taxable Value of Bathtub C=A x 75% 1950 Taxable Value of the Benefit C - B 650 FBT Calculation The car costs are comprehensive of GST, thus, all FBTs have been equalized by multiplying the value of FBT with gross increased rates (Engstrm et al. 2015). The rate of fringe tax benefit is 49% for general organizations. The FBT liability of the said firm is calculated as follows: Name of Taxpayer : Periwinkle Pty. Ltd. Type : Company Calculation of Fringe Benefit Tax for the period ending on 31st March,2016 GST Inclusive GST Free Particulars Amount Amount $ $ Benefit on car 6059.02 Loan Interest 22250 Sale at Special Rate 650 Total of GST Inclusive/Free Benefits 6059.02 22900 A B Gross-up Rate 2.1463 1.9608 C D Gross-up Value 13004.47 44902.32 E = A x C F=B X D Total amount of Taxable Fringe Benefit 57906.79 G = E + F Rate of Fringe Benefit Tax 49% J Fringe Benefit Tax Liability 28374.33 K = G x J Alternative Consequences Emma should purchase the stocks herself and should earn dividend from these. Then this would be permitted to pay tax on this income. Here, the total value of FBT and the liability of the staff would be comparatively lower based on the income amount that is earned by the staff from the loan amount (Slemrod 2013). Reference Ato.gov.au. 2016.How to calculate your FBT | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at:https://www.ato.gov.au/General/fringe-benefits-tax-(fbt)/how-to-calculate-your-fbt/ [Accessed 30 Aug. 2016]. Ato.gov.au. 2016.Loan and debt waiver fringe benefits | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Fringe-benefits-tax-(fbt)/In-detail/Employers-guide/Loan-and-debt-waiver-fringe-benefits/?page=8#8_8_Reduction_in_taxable_value_where_interest_would_have_been_deductible_to_employee [Accessed 30 Aug. 2016]. Ato.gov.au. 2016.Property fringe benefits | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Fringe-benefits-tax-(fbt)/In-detail/Employers-guide/Property-fringe-benefits/?page=4#Goods_manufactured_or_produced_by_the_provider [Accessed 30 Aug. 2016]. Bergstresser, D. and Pontiff, J., 2013. Investment taxation and portfolio performance.Journal of Public Economics,97, pp.245-257. Bryan, J., 2012. Individual Income Tax Returns, 2010.Statistics of Income Bulletin,32, pp.5-78. Davidson, P. and Evans, R., 2015. Fuel on the fire: Negative gearing, capital gains tax housing affordability.ACOSS Papers, p.29. Dowd, T., McClelland, R. and Muthitacharoen, A., 2012. New evidence on the tax elasticity of capital gains.Unpublished Paper. June. Engstrm, P., Nordblom, K., Ohlsson, H. and Persson, A., 2015. Loss evasion and tax aversion.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,7, pp.132-164. Hines Jr, J.R., 2015. Taxing Sales of Depreciable Assets.Mich. Bus. Entrepreneurial L. Rev.,5, p.161. Kaldor, N., 2014.Expenditure tax. Routledge. Sikes, S.A., 2014. The turn-of-the-year effect and tax-loss-selling by institutional investors.Journal of Accounting and Economics,57(1), pp.22-42. Slemrod, J., 2013. Buenas notches: lines and notches in tax system design.eJournal of Tax Research,11(3), p.259. Wiseman, S.A., 2016. Property or Currency: The Tax Dilemma behind Bitcoin.Utah L. Rev., p.417. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016.Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press. Yagan, D., 2015. Capital tax reform and the real economy: The effects of the 2003 dividend tax cut.The American Economic Review,105(12), pp.3531-3563. Yinger, J., Bloom, H.S. and Boersch-Supan, A., 2016.Property taxes and house values: The theory and estimation of intrajurisdictional property tax capitalization. Elsevier.